The RAVAND POLICY PAPERS are written by Ravand fellows, experts and external contributors offering analysis of macroeconomic, finance, energy, geopolitical and regional developments, as well as environmental issues.  These subjects fall within the framework of the Ravand Institute's three departments: Economic, International, and Environment.   The themes and subjects are decided on, and approved by, the editorial committee of the Ravand Institute’s Board of Directors.  The RAVAND POLICY PAPER is offered exclusively to sponsors and members of the Ravand Membership Program.